The American version of representative democracy was based on two major principles:
a. self-interest and institutionalism.
b. separation of powers...
All of the following statements regarding the amendment process are correct except
All of the following statements regarding the amendment process are correct except
a. amendments can only be proposed by the Senate.
b. Congress...
With regard to the power of judicial review, the text suggests
With regard to the power of judicial review, the text suggests
a. few scholars have ever doubted the widespread support for this power at the Convention.
b....
Before a committee created the electoral college, convention delegates suggested the president be
Before a committee created the electoral college, convention delegates suggested the president be
a. chosen by Congress.
b. chosen by the state legislatures.
c....
The Great Compromise was supported by the votes of delegates from ______ states.
The Great Compromise was supported by the votes of delegates from ______ states.
a. 13
b. 12
c. 10
d. 5
e. 2
Answer:...
The Constitution called for Senators to be
The Constitution called for Senators to be
a. elected by the people.
b. selected by members of the House.
c. selected by the previous administration.
d....
The Great Compromise
The Great Compromise
a. required Supreme Court justices to be confirmed by the Senate.
b. based House representation on population and Senate population...
The high degree of contentiousness at the Convention was evident in the fact that Benjamin Franklin suggested beginning each meeting with
The high degree of contentiousness at the Convention was evident in the fact that Benjamin Franklin suggested beginning each meeting with
a. prayer.
b....
All of the following were features of the Virginia Plan except
All of the following were features of the Virginia Plan except
a. the government was divided into three major branches.
b. the national legislature...
Supporters of a strong national government favored the
Supporters of a strong national government favored the
a. Virginia Plan.
b. New Jersey Plan.
c. Georgia Plan.
d. Rhode Island Plan.
e. Pennsylvania...
The presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention was
The presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention was
a. James Madison.
b. Benjamin Franklin.
c. Patrick Henry.
d. George Washington.
e. Thomas...
In the Federalist papers, Madison quipped that government would not be "necessary" if
In the Federalist papers, Madison quipped that government would not be "necessary" if
a. men were angels.
b. laws were memorized.
c. aristocrats...
To many conservatives in the late eighteenth century, democracy meant
To many conservatives in the late eighteenth century, democracy meant
a. political equality.
b. mob rule.
c. stability.
d. liberty and justice.
e....
The Pennsylvania experience led the Framers to be concerned about the tyranny of
The Pennsylvania experience led the Framers to be concerned about the tyranny of
a. lawyers.
b. the executive.
c. the judiciary.
d. the legislature.
e....
The philosophy of John Locke strongly supported the idea that
The philosophy of John Locke strongly supported the idea that
a. government ought to be limited.
b. property rights should be subordinated to human...
When John Locke theorized about the "state of nature," he was speculating about a period of time when
When John Locke theorized about the "state of nature," he was speculating about a period of time when
a. there was no private ownership of property.
b....
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention shared a commitment to
The delegates to the Constitutional Convention shared a commitment to
a. democracy.
b. equality.
c. fraternity.
d. liberty.
e. competition.
Answer:...
The various speeches given by the delegates at the Convention are known to us from
The various speeches given by the delegates at the Convention are known to us from
a. an official report provided to Congress.
b. newspaper reports...
The text suggests some names made famous by the Revolution were conspicuously absent from the Convention, including
The text suggests some names made famous by the Revolution were conspicuously absent from the Convention, including
a. Thomas Jefferson.
b. John...
The majority of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were
The majority of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were
a. veterans of the Continental Army.
b. lawyers.
c. governors.
d. doctors.
e....
About ___ of the delegates at the Convention participated regularly.
About ___ of the delegates at the Convention participated regularly.
a. 12
b. 30
c. 39
d. 55
e. 74
Answer:...
The Philadelphia Convention attracted about ____ delegates from the states.
The Philadelphia Convention attracted about ____ delegates from the states.
a. 12
b. 30
c. 39
d. 55
e. 74
Answer:...
Thomas Jefferson responded to the news of the Rebellion by noting
Thomas Jefferson responded to the news of the Rebellion by noting
a. it was the logical result of the American Revolution.
b. no such problems were...
Shays's Rebellion stirred the fears of some that state governments were
Shays's Rebellion stirred the fears of some that state governments were
a. becoming too powerful.
b. about to collapse.
c. controlled by British...
French political pundits and Thomas Paine praised the state constitution of Pennsylvania because it was radically
French political pundits and Thomas Paine praised the state constitution of Pennsylvania because it was radically
a. centralized.
b. democratic.
c....
What influential Founder concluded history — to that point in time — provided no truly desirable model of government?
What influential Founder concluded history — to that point in time — provided no truly desirable model of government?
a. John Adams
b. Alexander...
The original purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to
The original purpose of the Constitutional Convention was to
a. draw up a bill of rights.
b. discuss regulations on intrastate commerce.
c. levy taxes.
d....
The critical meeting that was scheduled by those who met at George Washington's house and later held at Annapolis, Maryland, focused on the topic of
The critical meeting that was scheduled by those who met at George Washington's house and later held at Annapolis, Maryland, focused on the topic of
a....
All of the following were true of the government under the Articles except
All of the following were true of the government under the Articles except
a. each state had one vote in Congress.
b. the national government could...
Under the Articles, Congress had the power to
Under the Articles, Congress had the power to
a. make peace.
b. coin money.
c. appoint key army officers.
d. run the post office.
e. all of the above.
Answer:...
The Articles of Confederation attempted to create
The Articles of Confederation attempted to create
a. a league of friendship among the states.
b. a centralized government.
c. a strong state commitment...
One notable feature of colonial governments by 1776 was the presence of
One notable feature of colonial governments by 1776 was the presence of
a. weak governors.
b. authority in community groups and local organizations.
c....
The colonists new vision of government insisted that
The colonists new vision of government insisted that
a. the executive branch be superior to the legislative branch.
b. the judicial branch be superior...
An "unalienable" right is
An "unalienable" right is
a. supported by a majority of any society.
b. created by legislators.
c. based in a written constitution.
d. without restriction.
e....
The essential complaints itemized in the Declaration of Independence are remarkable because
The essential complaints itemized in the Declaration of Independence are remarkable because
a. each had been primary features in other revolutions.
b....
At the time of the American Revolution, most citizens were
At the time of the American Revolution, most citizens were
a. self-employed.
b. indentured servants.
c. highly literate.
d. propertyless.
e. concerned...
When he wrote the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson replaced _______ with "the pursuit of happiness."
When he wrote the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson replaced _______ with "the pursuit of happiness."
a. life
b. property
c. justice
d....
The colonists fought to protect liberties that they believed were
The colonists fought to protect liberties that they believed were
a. discoverable in nature and history.
b. based on a "higher law."
c. essential...
The colonists believed that most politicians tended to be
The colonists believed that most politicians tended to be
a. aristocratic.
b. idealistic.
c. benevolent.
d. corrupt.
e. incompetent.
Answer:...
The goal of the American Revolution was
The goal of the American Revolution was
a. equality.
b. stability.
c. fairness.
d. liberty.
e. fraternity.
Answer:...
The Palazzo Rucellai and the Colosseum are similar in that they both
The Palazzo Rucellai and the Colosseum are similar in that they both
A) are topped with a raking cornice
B) display varied architectural orders
C)...
Which of the following is associated with the ritual of partaking in a "refrigerium"?
Which of the following is associated with the ritual of partaking in a "refrigerium"?
A) the pyramids at Tikal
B) the Great Mosque at Mecca
C) Early...
Which of the following is located above the columns in this structure?
Which of the following is located above the columns in this structure?
A) a stylobate
B) a stereobate
C) a peristyle
D) an architrave
Answer:...
An early example of the four-iwan mosque plan can be found in the city of
An early example of the four-iwan mosque plan can be found in the city of
A) Cordoba
B) Edirne
C) Isfahan
D) Djenne
Answer:...
The piling of figures on this relief underscores the increasing dissatisfaction of Late Antique artists with the art of
The piling of figures on this relief underscores the increasing dissatisfaction of Late Antique artists with the art of
A) Byzantine emperors
B)...
Leonardo's Last Supper was made for a/an
Leonardo's Last Supper was made for a/an
A) family chapel
B) monastic refectory
C) town hall
D) cathedral altarpiece
Answer:...
In the carved lintels at Yaxchilan, Lady Xoc pierces her tongue in a bloodletting ritual intended to
In the carved lintels at Yaxchilan, Lady Xoc pierces her tongue in a bloodletting ritual intended to
A) frighten her ancestors
B) make herself fertile
C)...
Beyond its function as a religious book, Les Tres Riches Heures also visually captures the power of the duke and his
Beyond its function as a religious book, Les Tres Riches Heures also visually captures the power of the duke and his
A) relationship to the...
Tori Busshi's bronze Buddha triad at the Horyuji at Nara was dedicated by Empress Seiko to
Tori Busshi's bronze Buddha triad at the Horyuji at Nara was dedicated by Empress Seiko to
A) Shomu
B) Shotuku
C) Gaozong
D) Shi Huangdi
Answer:...
The term "Gothic" was originally applied to art from before the Renaissance as a reference to its
The term "Gothic" was originally applied to art from before the Renaissance as a reference to its
A) heavenly ethereal character
B) emphasis on naturalistic...
The hat worn by Donatello's David has, for some scholars, associated the figure with the mythical figure
The hat worn by Donatello's David has, for some scholars, associated the figure with the mythical figure
A) Mercury
B) Pluto
C) Jupiter
D) Apollo
Answer:...
A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of the following accounts for the fungal movement, as described here?
A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which...
Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?
Among sac fungi, which of these correctly distinguishes ascospores from conidia?
A) Ascospores are diploid, whereas conidia are haploid.
B)...
Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus. 1. basidiocarp 2. basidium 3. basidiospore 4. mycelium 5. gill
Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus.1. basidiocarp2. basidium3. basidiospore4. mycelium5....
Arrange the following from largest to smallest: 1. ascospore 2. ascocarp 3. ascomycete 4. ascus
Arrange the following from largest to smallest:1. ascospore2. ascocarp3. ascomycete4. ascus
A) 3 ? 4 ? 2 ? 1
B) 3 ? 2 ? 4 ? 1
C) 3 ? 4 ? 1...
Which of the following has the least affiliation with all of the others?
Which of the following has the least affiliation with all of the others?
A) Glomeromycota
B) mycorrhizae
C) lichens
D) arbuscules
E) mutualistic...
You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of a fungus is this?
You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many structures with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of...
Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?
Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?
A) conidia and basidiocarps
B) sporangia and hyphae
C)...
What are the sporangia of the bread mold Rhizopus?
What are the sporangia of the bread mold Rhizopus?
A) asexual structures that produce haploid spores
B) asexual structures that produce diploid...
Many infected animals are induced by the parasitic microsporidians to develop huge cells, known as xenomas, which are full of spores. Given their large size, what should be true of the xenomas?
Many infected animals are induced by the parasitic microsporidians to develop huge cells, known as xenomas, which are full of spores. Given their large...
The microsporidian, Brachiola gambiae, parasitizes the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Adult female mosquitoes must take blood meals in order for their eggs to develop, and it is while they take blood that they transmit malarial parasites to humans. Male mosquitoes drink flower nectar. If humans are to safely and effectively use Brachiola gambiae as a biological control to reduce human deaths from malaria, then how many of the following statements should be true? 1. Brachiola should kill the mosquitoes before the malarial parasite they carry reaches maturity. 2. The microsporidian should not be harmful to other insects. 3. Microsporidians should infect mosquito larvae, rather than mosquito adults. 4. The subsequent decline in anopheline mosquitoes should not significantly disrupt human food resources or other food webs. 5. Brachiola must be harmful to male mosquitoes, but not to female mosquitoes.
The microsporidian, Brachiola gambiae, parasitizes the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Adult female mosquitoes must take blood meals in order for their...
Asexual reproduction in yeasts occurs by budding. Due to unequal cytokinesis, the "bud" cell receives less cytoplasm than the parent cell. Which of the following should be true of the smaller cell until it reaches the size of the larger cell?
Asexual reproduction in yeasts occurs by budding. Due to unequal cytokinesis, the "bud" cell receives less cytoplasm than the parent cell. Which of...
The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen
The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen
A) due to common ancestry.
B) by convergent evolution.
C) by inheritance...
Which of the following characteristics is shared by both chytrids and other kinds of fungi?
Which of the following characteristics is shared by both chytrids and other kinds of fungi?
A) presence of flagella
B) zoospores
C) autotrophic...
Fossil fungi date back to the origin and early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental and morphological change is similar in the evolution of both fungi and plants?
Fossil fungi date back to the origin and early evolution of plants. What combination of environmental and morphological change is similar in the evolution...
Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?
Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?
A) They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved.
B) They represent...
Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I?
Which process occurs in fungi and has the opposite effect on a cell's chromosome number than does meiosis I?
A) mitosis
B) plasmogamy
C) crossing...
If all of their nuclei are equally active transcriptionally, then the cells of both dikaryotic and heterokaryotic fungi, in terms of the gene products they can make, are essentially
If all of their nuclei are equally active transcriptionally, then the cells of both dikaryotic and heterokaryotic fungi, in terms of the gene products...
In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently
In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently
A) means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized...
After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a
After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a
A) smaller nucleus and more cytoplasm than the mother cell.
B) smaller nucleus...
Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following? 1. cells with a single haploid nucleus 2. heterokaryotic cells 3. dikaryotic cells 4. cells with two diploid nuclei
Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following?1. cells with a single haploid nucleus2. heterokaryotic cells3. dikaryotic cells4. cells with...
Which description does not apply equally well to both sexual and asexual spores?
Which description does not apply equally well to both sexual and asexual spores?
A) have haploid nuclei
B) represent the dispersal stage
C)...
Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?
Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?
A) plasmogamy
B) heterokaryotic
C) dikaryotic
D) diploid
Answer:...
Consider two hyphae having equal dimensions: one from a septate species and the other from a coenocytic species. Compared with the septate species, the coenocytic species should have
Consider two hyphae having equal dimensions: one from a septate species and the other from a coenocytic species. Compared with the septate species,...
Both fungus-farming ants and their fungi can synthesize the same structural polysaccharide from the ß-glucose. What is this polysaccharide?
Both fungus-farming ants and their fungi can synthesize the same structural polysaccharide from the ß-glucose. What is this polysaccharide?
A)...
The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are
The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are
A) composed of hyphae.
B) referred to as a mycelium.
C) usually underground.
D)...
The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are
The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are
A) composed of hyphae.
B) referred to as a mycelium.
C) usually underground.
D)...
What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?
What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?
A) rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic...
In septate fungi, what structures allow cytoplasmic streaming to distribute needed nutrients, synthesized compounds, and organelles throughout the hyphae?
In septate fungi, what structures allow cytoplasmic streaming to distribute needed nutrients, synthesized compounds, and organelles throughout the hyphae?
A)...
What do fungi and arthropods have in common?
What do fungi and arthropods have in common?
A) Both groups are commonly coenocytic.
B) The haploid state is dominant in both groups.
C) Both...
The functional significance of porous septa in certain fungal hyphae is most similar to that represented by which pair of structures in animal cells and plant cells, respectively?
The functional significance of porous septa in certain fungal hyphae is most similar to that represented by which pair of structures in animal cells...
Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?
A) They acquire their nutrients by phagocytosis.
B) Their...
When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter?
When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter?
A)...
If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, due to the fact that their fungal competitors have been removed?
If all fungi in an environment that perform decomposition were to suddenly die, then which group of organisms should benefit most, due to the fact that...
The hydrolytic digestion of which of the following should produce monomers that are aminated (i.e., have an amine group attached) molecules of ß-glucose?
The hydrolytic digestion of which of the following should produce monomers that are aminated (i.e., have an amine group attached) molecules of ß-glucose?
A)...
Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except
Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except
A) seeds.
B) pollen.
C) vascular tissue.
D) ovaries.
E) ovules.
Answer:...
Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?
Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?
A) alternation of generations
B)...
With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?
With respect to angiosperms, which of the following is incorrectly paired with its chromosome count?
A) egg–n
B) megaspore–2n
C) microspore–n
D)...
A fruit is most commonly
A fruit is most commonly
A) a mature ovary.
B) a thickened style.
C) an enlarged ovule.
D) a modified root.
E) a mature female gametophyte.
Answer:...
Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?
Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?
A) in the style of a flower
B) inside the tip of a pollen tube
C) enclosed in the stigma...
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 meters, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8?25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow, self-incompatible flowers of Brazil nut trees admit only female orchid bees as pollinators.
The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over...
Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively. They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to study about plants because plants have little relevance to their chosen professions.
Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively. They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to study about...
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided to the embryo, and a shell is then deposited around the embryo and its food source. Eggs are subsequently deposited in an environment that promotes their further development, or are incubated by one or both parents.
Oviparous (egg-laying) animals have internal fertilization (sperm cells encounter eggs within the female's body). Yolk and/or albumen is (are) provided...
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues.
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus. Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following...
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen) and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls, the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most animals, including humans.
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the Dinosaurs. Though...
A botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of discovering plants with medicinal properties. All of the following might be ways of identifying potentially useful plants except
A botanist was visiting a tropical region for the purpose of discovering plants with medicinal properties. All of the following might be ways of identifying...
What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?
What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?
A) insects
B) grazing and browsing by animals
C) pathogenic fungi
D) competition with other...
Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?
Over human history, which process has been most important in improving the features of plants that have long been used by humans as staple foods?
A)...
The cutting and burning of tropical rain forests leads to which of the following? 1. addition of CO2 to the atmosphere 2. decreased removal of CO2 from the atmosphere 3. greenhouse effect 4. global warming 5. decreasing sea level
The cutting and burning of tropical rain forests leads to which of the following?1. addition of CO2 to the atmosphere2. decreased removal of CO2 from...
Cutting down rain forests can lead to
Cutting down rain forests can lead to
A) decreased temperatures.
B) decreased rainfall.
C) decreased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
D) increased...
The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is viscous (sticky), which permits the seed to adhere to surfaces, such as the branches of host plants or the beaks of birds. What should be expected of the fruit if the viscosity of Viscum seeds is primarily an adaptation for dispersal rather than an adaptation for infecting host plant tissues?
The fruit of the mistletoe, a parasitic angiosperm, is a one-seeded berry. In members of the genus Viscum, the outside of the seed is viscous (sticky),...
Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that
Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are...
In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube on its way to the egg? 1. micropyle 2. style 3. ovary 4. stigma
In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube on its way to the egg?1. micropyle2. style3....
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